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Family
 Louis I 'the Pious' of France, King of Aquitaine, Joint Emperor, Emperor 7) 8) 9) 2) 10) 3) 4) 11)Born ± 776 Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Aquitaine, France 7) 10) Died 20 Jun 840 Island in the Rhine, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, approximately 64 years 7) 10), 1st marriage to: Ermengarde of Hesbaye, 2nd married/ related to: Unknown, 3rd marriage to: Judith of Bavaria Notes: Louis was overthrown as emperor twice by the betrayals of his sons. Following his death, conflict broke out between all of Louis's children with respect to the empire. Children: 1.  Unknown of FranceNotes: Gerard of Auvergne, and therefore the Counts of Poitou, are stated to have Carolingian ancestry - but there are multiple plausible reconstructions - for example, via Pepin and, as shown here, via one of Louis's daughters (Ermengarde or Rotrude). It must be noted that this proposal has numerous challenges, and other than the clear statement of Carolingian ancestry, is based on numerous tenuous, unvalidated assumptions. Other proposed hypotheses include a daughter of a Count of Maine. 3. Louis II of GermanyBorn ± 806 Died 28 Aug 876, approximately 70 years 4. Pepin I of AquitaineBorn 797 Died 13 Dec 838, 40 or 41 years | |||
Sources
1) Source: The Henry Project . External Linkhttps://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/data/ermen006.htm. Reference: Ermengarde (Questionable reliability of evidence)
2) Source: Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories "823... in the meantime Queen Irmengardis, their mother, died, and a short time later Emperor Louis married Judith, who gave birth to Charles.". Reference: Nithard's Histories (Data from secondary evidence)
3) Source: Genealogia comitum Bulonensium A short genealogy connecting the early Merovingians to the later counts of Boulogne, written circa the 11th century. The earliest generations are almost certainly fictional. Considered a reliable secondary source for generations from Arnulf of Metz onwards. Considered a "primary" source for events from the year 1000 onwards.. External Link
https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_9/index.htm#page/300/ (Data from secondary evidence)
4) Source: Vita Hludovici Imperatoris "Supradictus vero Hludowicus postquam ad aetatem pervenit, desponsavit sibi filiam nobilissimi ducis Ingorammi, qui erat filius fratris Hruotgangi, sancti pontificis. Supradicta vero virgo Irmingarda vocabatur, quam cum consilio et consensu patris reginam constituit, atque ex ea tres filios habuit adhuc vivente patre, quorum unus vocabatur Hlutharius, alter Pippinus, tertius aequivocus eius Hludowicus.". Reference: 4 (Data from direct source)
5) Source: Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories "818... Queen Irmengardis, his wife, whom he had left behind sick, died of her ailments two days after his return on October 3.". Reference: RFA (Data from secondary evidence)
6) Source: Vita Hludovici Imperatoris "Inde regrediens invenit Irmingardam reginam febricitantem, quae non post multos dies obiit in pace.". Reference: 25 (Data from secondary evidence)
7) Source: The Henry Project . External Link
https://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/data/louis000.htm. Reference: Louis the Pious
8) Source: Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories "814... Then he sent Lothair, one of his two sons, to Bavaria and the other son, Pepin, to Aquitaine.". Reference: RFA (Data from secondary evidence)
9) Source: Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories "824... he put two under the command of his sons Pepin and Louis". Reference: RFA (Data from secondary evidence)
10) Source: Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories "840... Emperor Louis, their father, died on an island near Mainz on June 20... Louis lived for 64 years". Reference: Nithard's Histories (Data from secondary evidence)
11) Source: Vita Hludovici Imperatoris "Alio anno venit Wormatiam, ubi et Karolo filio suo, qui erat ex Iudith augusta natus, terram Alamannicam, et Redicam, et partem aliquam Burgundiae, coram filiis suis Hluthario et aequivoco suo tradidit; et illi inde indignati sunt una cum Pippino germano eorum.". Reference: 35 (Data from direct source)
12) Source: Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories "819... the emperor married Judith, daughter of Count Welf". Reference: RFA
13) Source: Vita Hludovici Imperatoris "Sequenti vero anno accepit filiam Hwelfi ducis sui, qui erat de nobilissima progenie Bawariorum, et nomen virginis Iudith, quae erat ex parte matris, cuius nomen Eigilwi, nobilissimi generis Saxonici, eamque reginam constituit.". Reference: 26
14) Source: The Henry Project . External Link
https://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/data/lotha000.htm. Reference: Lothair I